How to Test Emergency Lighting
Emergency lighting testing in the UK follows a three-tier schedule set out in BS 5266-1. Monthly, six-monthly, and annual tests each serve a different purpose. Understanding what is involved at each stage helps you stay compliant, avoid fines, and ensure your emergency lighting will actually work when needed.
Monthly Test: The Functional Check
Every month, all emergency lights must be tested using a short simulated failure — usually by switching off the normal mains supply to the circuit for a period sufficient to check that each luminaire illuminates. For maintained luminaires (those that are always on), the test confirms the emergency mode activates. The test duration is typically one to three minutes, just long enough to confirm each light comes on and is visible. All tests must be recorded in an emergency lighting log book.
Six-Monthly Test: Full Duration Test for Three Hours
Every six months, a full duration test must be carried out. For most systems, this means simulating a mains failure for the full rated battery duration — typically three hours for a standard system. During this test, every luminaire must remain illuminated for the full period. Any light that fails to last the full duration has a faulty battery and must be replaced. This test is demanding on the batteries and should be planned carefully to minimise disruption.
Annual Test: Inspection and Certification
The annual test combines the full duration test with a thorough inspection of the entire system. A qualified engineer will inspect every luminaire for physical condition and correct positioning, test the central battery system or self-contained battery units, check that escape routes are adequately illuminated, verify that the system meets BS 5266-1, and produce an emergency lighting certificate. The certificate confirms the system is compliant.
What Is Checked During a Professional Inspection?
A professional emergency lighting inspection covers: correct positioning and coverage of all emergency luminaires along escape routes, luminaire condition (damage, dirt, obstruction), battery condition and rated duration, lamp operation in emergency mode, signage illumination (exit signs), central battery systems and their charge state, test facility operation, and compliance with current regulations.
Recording and Documenting Tests
All emergency lighting tests must be recorded in a log book or equivalent record system. Records should include: the date of each test, who carried it out, which luminaires were tested, the result of each test, and any defects found and how they were resolved. Records must be kept for at least three years and made available to fire authorities or building inspectors on request.